Manipal Entrance Test For Master Of Physiotherapy - Syllabus Of Physiology

  • Basic Concepts and Nerve Physiology: Transport across cell membrane- Passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, Active transport - Primary and secondary active transport, Body fluids: Distribution of total body water, ionic composition of body fluids, Neuron -Differences in structure and function of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, Resting membrane potential and Action potential
  • Muscle Physiology: Muscle - Classification, characteristic features of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles, Skeletal muscle - Structure, types of muscle fibers, Neuromuscular transmission, excitation contraction, coupling, rigor mortis, Smooth Muscle – Types
  • Blood: Composition and functions of blood, Plasma Proteins and their functions, Red Blood cells - Erythropoiesis:stages and regulation, Hemoglobin - Normal values, variations and functions, White blood cells - Types, Normal values and functions, Platelets - Normal range, functions, purpura, Coagulation or clotting of blood - Clotting factors, Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, hemophilia, Anticoagulants -Classification and examples, Blood groups - ABO and Rh systems, importance of blood grouping, hazards and blood transfusion, Erythroblastosis fetalis, Functions of lymph
  • Cardiovascular System: Structure and innervations of heart and blood vessels, Properties of Cardiac muscle, Cardiac cycle, Heart sounds - Differences between first and second heart sounds, Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Waves, intervals and uses, Heart rate - Normal value, variations, regulation, Cardiac Output - Definition, Normal value, variations, regulation, role of heart rate, stroke volume and myocardial contractility, muscular exercise and cardiac output, Blood Pressure - Definition, Normal value, factors influencing BP, short–term regulation
  • Respiratory System: Organization - Air passages, lungs, respiratory membrane, Mechanics of breathing: Inspiration, expiration, pulmonary ventilation, alveolar ventilation, Graphical representation of pressure changes during respiration, Spirogram, Oxygen transport - Forms, oxygen dissociation curve, Carbon dioxide transport - Forms of transport, mechanism, Regulation of respiration - Neural and chemical regulation, Cyanosis, hypoxia - Types, types of hypoxia in which cyanosis occurs, Definitions of Apnea, Dyspnea, Asphyxia
  • Special Senses: Vision - Cross-section of eye, Functions of aqueous humor, Visual pathway, visual filed defects, Accommodation to near vision, light reflex, refractory errors of the eye, Visual acuity; Hearing - Structure and functions of external, middle and inner ear, Mechanism of hearing, Vestibular apparatus - Parts and functions, Receptors for taste and smell sensations Gastrointestinal Physiology: Salivary secretion - Composition, functions and regulation, Deglutition - Definition, stages, dysphagia, achalasia, cardia, Stomach - Functions, gastric juice-composition, mechanism and regulation of secretion, gastric motility and emptying, Pancreatic secretion - Daily secretion and pH, regulation, Functions of Liver, Composition of Bile, Functions of Gall Bladder, Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, Small intestine - types of movements, Functions of large intestine
  • Endocrinology: Major endocrine glands, regulation of Secretion of hormones, Hormones secreted by pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands and pancreas functions, regulation and applied aspects
  • Reproductive System: Male reproductive system - Parts, testis-structure and functions, spermatogenesis, endocrine functions of testis, actions of testosterone, regulation of secretion of testosterone, Female reproductive system - Parts, menstrual cycle-ovarian and uterine cycles, hormonal control, Indicators of ovulation, Physiology of pregnancy and lactation: functions of placenta and milk ejection reflex, Contraception
  • Renal Physiology: Functions of kidneys, structure of nephron, renal blood flow, Glomerular filtration - Glomerular filtration Rate (GFR)- Factors affecting, determination of GFR, Definition of renal threshold, tubular/transport maximum, Reabsorption and secretion in renal tubules, Concentration of urine - Counter-current multiplier and counter-current exchanger, Juxtaglomerular apparatus, Micturition reflex, Functions of skin
  • C N S (Details): Organisation of nervous system, Sensory receptors - classification and properties, Synapse - Mechanism of synaptic transmission, Reflex - Definition, component of basic reflex arc, stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, Ascending tracts - Dorsal column tracts, lateral spinothalamic tracts and anterior spinothalamic tracts, Descending tracts - Pyramidal/corticospinal tract-functions, effects of lesion, Differences between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesion, Cerebellum - Functional divisions, functions, feature of cerebellar lesion, Basal ganglia - Components, functions, Parkinson’s disease, Functions of Thalamus, Functions of Hypothalamus, Cerebrospinal Fluid-Formation, circulation, absorption and functions, lumbar puncture, Functional areas of Cerebral Cortex, Autonomic nervous system -Organisation, functions
  • Physiology of Exercise - Effects of acute and Chronic Exercise on: O2 transport, Muscle strength / power / endurance, BMR / RQ, Hormonal and metabolic effect, Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Body fluids and electrolytes, Effect of gravity / Altitude / Acceleration / Pressure on Physical parameters, Physiology of Age
2024