Manipal Entrance Test For Master Of Physiotherapy - Syllabus Of Bio Mechanics And Electrotherapy

Biophysics: General Principles, Description of motion, Introduction to forces, Newton’s Laws (statics & dynamics), Linear and concurrent force systems, Rotatory and translator forces and motion (Torque/ movement of force), Deriving muscle forces and components, Levers and classification, Kinematics & Kinetics, Kinetic chairs, Specific Tissues: Connective tissues structures ( General & specific), Mechanical behavior, Viscoclasticity, Time dependent and rate dependent Properties, Properties of specific tissues including bones, cartilage, ligament, tendon, capsule, muscle, nerve & meniscus

Classification of joints: Individual joints as in syllabus paper Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho - Kinesiology (including joint anatomy): Spine & Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle and Foot, Shoulder complex, Elbow complex, Wrist and Hand, Basic Anatomy, closed / loose part positions, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology (including joint anatomy), Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology of spine & pelvis, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology of hip, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology of knee, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology of ankle & foot, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology shoulder complex, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho – Kinesiology of elbow complex, Kinetics & Kinematics & Patho

Kinesiology of wrist and hand Posture: Definition, Terms, Types, Postural development, Posture control mechanism, Perturbatims, Synergies / Strategies, Kinetics, Kinematics - optimal / ideal position, Analysis - lateral view (sagittal plan optional), AP view frontal, Deviations from optimal alignment Gait: Definition, Determinants, Analysis - Phases, Parameters, Kinematics, Kinetics, Deviations (Abnormal gaits), Causes, Types, Analysis, Treatment / Management, Kinetics and Kinematics of – Staircase climbing, running, squatting, kneeling, cross leg sitting

Low Frequency Therapeutic Currents: Physiology of muscle & Nerve: Type of muscle and nerve fibers and their characteristics, Resting membrane potential, Action potential, Stimulation of the nerve, Muscle contraction, Duration of stimulus, Frequency of stimulus Low Frequency Currents: Definition, Types, AC & DC: Faradic / Modified Faradic, Galvanic / Interrupted DC, Sinusoidal currents, Production, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Techniques & Methods of application, Indications & Contraindications, Merits & Demerits, Trans-cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) - Electrodes types, effects and uses, Principles and production, Techniques/modes of application, Indications & contraindications, merits & demerits. Electrodiagnosis / Diagnostic currents (including Interpretation) Electrical Reaction –Type of nerve & muscle lesions, Reaction of complete & partial denervation

Reaction of absolute degeneration: Faradic - Galvanic (FG) Test, Strength-Duration (SD) Curve

Constant DC: Galvanism: Physiological effects, Types - Anodal & Cathodal, Therapeutic effects & Uses, Techniques & Methods of application, Dangers & Precautions, Ionisation Iontophoresis: Theory of medical Ionisation, Effects & uses of various ions, Techniques ( includes Current parameters & Dosage)

Medium Frequency Currents: Interferential Currents / Therapy (IFT): Principle & Production, Techniques / Modes of application, Electrode types, Effects & Uses, Indications & Contraindications, Merits & Demerits

Thermo & Actinotherapeutics: Therapeutic Heat & Cold: Biophysics, Physiological Effects, Indication, Contraindication, precaution, methods of application, Techniques, Merits & Demerits, Conductive Heating – Dry heat, Moist Heat, Paraffin Wax Bath, Convective heating -Fluidotherapy, Contrast Bath, Introduction to radiative Heating- IRR, UVR, LASER, Cryotherapy: Indication, contraindication, precaution

High Frequency Currents: Types, Principles; SWD: Introduction, Production, Transmission of high frequency current to the tissues, Therapeutic uses of SWD, Indications and contraindications, Dangers, Methods of application, Principles of application, Dosage, Technique of application

Micro Wave Diathermy: Introduction, Production, Physiological effects, Indications and contraindications, Dangers, Dosage, Technique of application; Pulsed SWD: Introduction, Effects / Therapeutic mechanism, Physiological effects, Therapeutic uses, Contraindications, Technique of application

Ultrasonic Therapy (US): Principles, Production, Biophysics, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Techniques / Mode / Dosage of application, Indications, contraindications, dangers & precautions, Phonophoresis - Indications, Precautions, Application of various drugs used

Radiation: UVR: Types, Principles, Production, Test Dose, Techniques of Application, Effects & Uses, indications, contraindications, dangers & precautions, IRR: Types, Principles, Production, Techniques of Application, Effects & Uses, indications, contraindications, dangers & precautions; Laser: Types, Principles, Production, Techniques of Application, Effects & Uses, indications, contraindications, dangers & precautions, Introduction to EMG NCV & Biofeedback, Pain: Physiology & Management, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Combination therapy