PAPER-I
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I. Research
1. Meaning
2. Characteristics
3. Types
II. Steps of Research
III. Methods of Research
IV. Research Ethics
V. Publication
1. Paper
2. Article
3. Workshop
4. Seminar
5. Conference
6. Symposium
VI Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
1. ICT: Meaning, Advantages, Disadvantages and uses
2. General abbreviations and Terminology
3. Basics of Internet and E-mailing
VII Data Interpretation
1. Source Acquisition and Interpretation of Data
2. Quantitative and Qualitative Data
3. Graphical Representation and Mapping Data
VIII Thesis Writing
1. Characteristics
2. Format.
PAPER-II
CORE SUBJECT
1. Micro Economics Analysis:
• Demand Analysis – Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed Preference approaches, Theory of Demand –Axiomatic approach, Demand functions, Consumer behaviour under condition of uncertainty.
• Theory of Production and costs.
• Pricing and output under different forms of market structure: Collusive and Non-collusive oligopolies.
• Factor pricing analysis
• Different Models of objectives of the firm – Baumol Morris and Williamson
• Elements of General equilibrium and new welfare economics.
2. Macro-Economic Analyses :
• Determination of output and employment –Classical approach, Keynesian approach and post Keynesian approaches to theory of output and employment. Concept of investment multiplier; consumption hypothesis.
• Theories of investment and accelerator.
• Demand for Money – Fisher and Cambridge version, Approaches of Keynesian, Friedman Patinkin, Baumol and Tobin
• Supply of money Determinants of money supply High Powered Money, Money Multiplier.
• Phillips Curve Analysis.
• Business Cycle –Models of Samuelson, Hicks and Kaldor.
• Macro-Economics Equilibrium - Relative roles of Monetary and fiscal Policies.
3. Development and Planning:
• Economic Growth, Economic Development and sustainable Development – Importance of institutions - Government and markets Perpetuation of underdevelopment - Vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, Structural View of underdeveloped Measurement of development - Conventional HDI and quality of life indices.
• Theories of Development classical, Marx and Schumpeter; Economic Growth Harrod –Domar Model , Instability of equilibrium Neoclassical growth-Solow’s model, Steady state growth. Approaches to development balanced growth, critical minimum effort big push unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth low income equilibrium trap.
• Imperfect market paradigm. Lewis model of development ranis Fei-model, Dependency theory of development.
• Indicators and measurement of poverty
• Importance of Agriculture and industry in economic development –choice of techniques and appropriate technology – Investment criteria - Elementary idea of cost –benefit analysis.
• Trade and Aid-International trade as ‘engine of growth’ –Globalization and LDC’s; two gap analysis prebisch singer and Myrdal views, gains from trade and LDC’s.
• Objectives an role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development.
• Techniques of planning: Plan Models in India: Planning in a market oriented economy.
4. Public Finance:
• Role of the government in economic activity-Allocation, Distribution and stabilization functions; private, public and merit goods.
• The public Budget-kinds of budgets - Zero base budgeting different concept of budget deficits; Budgets of the union government in India.
• Public Expenditure-Hypotheses effects and evaluation.
• Public Revenue –Different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxations; elasticity and buoyancy; taxable capacity; types of Taxes.
• Public Debt Sources, effects, burden and its management.
• Fiscal Federalism - Theory and problem’s Problems of Centre state financial relations in India; the vertical and horizontal imbalances - finance commissions.
• Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reforms - Neutral and compensatory and functional finance; balanced budget multiplier.
5. International Economics:
• Theories of International Trade: Empirical Verification and Relevance.
• International Trade under Imperfect competition.
• Terms of Trade and Economic Growth – Secular.
• Deterioration of Terms of Trade Hypothesis –a critical review.
• Equilibrium/Disequilibrium in balance of Payment –Traditional.
• Absorption and Monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments, Foreign trade Multiplier.
• Impacts of Tariffs, Partial and general equilibrium analysis: political economy of Non- Tariff Barriers.
• Theory of regionalism at Global level-collapse of Bretton-Wood system- Recent Monetary reforms.
• Trade Policy and Reforms in India.
• The Rise and fall of Bretton- Wood and emerging International Monetary system.
• World Trading System –Evolution and Distortions.
• Globalization – Developments in Exchange Markets, Euro-currency Markets and International Bond Markets, International Debt crisis Theory of Foreign Exchange Markets-Exchange Trading, Arbitrage and Market Hedging.
6. Indian Economy:
• Basic Economic indicator –National Income, Performance of Different Sector.
• Trends in prices and money supply.
• Agriculture –Institutional and Technological aspects, New Agricultural policy Industry –New industrial Policy and Liberalization.
• Money and Banking –concepts of money supply, inflation monetary policy and financial sector reforms.
• Public and finance - Trends in revenue and expenditure of the central and state Governments, Public debt; analysis of the Union Budget.
• Foreign trade –Trends Balance of payments and trade reforms poverty, unemployment, Migration and Environment.
7. Monetary Economics:
• ‘Monetary approach’ and adjustment in the balance of payments Regional blocs – multilateralism and world trading system.
• The Political Economy of imposition of non-tariff system.
• International trade under conditions of imperfect competition in goods market.
• Theory of International reserves, Optimum Currency Areas – Theory and impact in the developed and developing countries.
• WTO and its impact on the different sector of the economy Components of money supply. Role, Constituents and functions of money and capital markets.
• RBI –Recent monetary and credit policies.
• Commercial banks and co-operative banks.
• Specialized financial and investment institutions.
• Non- Bank financial institutions and Regional Rural Banks.
8. Industrial and Labour Economics:
• Industrial structure and economic growth.
• Pattern of industrialization–public and Private; large and small industries.
• Theories of industrial location –Indian experience.
• Industrial productivity-measurement, Partial and total Needs.
• Industrial Finance in India.
• Industrial Labour –Problems, policies and reforms in India.
• Economic reforms and industrial growth.
9. Demography:
• Population and Economic Development.
• Interrelation between population development and environment sustainable development.
• Malthusian theory of population, Optimum theory of population theory of demographic transition, population as ‘Limits to growth’ and as Ultimate Source’
• Concept of Demography – Vital roles, Life table’s composition and uses.
Measurement of fertility - Total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate.
• Age pyramids population projection-stable, stationary and quasi stationary Population characteristics of Indian population through recent census.
10. Agricultural Economics:
• Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy –share of Agriculture.
• Interrelationship between agriculture and industry.
• Institutional aspects – Land reforms, Green revolution.
• Technological Aspects - Agricultural inputs and shifts in production Function.
• Capital formation in the rural sector – Savings, assets and credits.
• Strategies for rural development.
• Regional Disparities in Indian Agriculture.
• Growth and Productivity trends in Indian Agriculture.
• Development of distributive institutions - Costs and price policies.
• Agriculture marketing and credit.
11. Application of Mathematics and statistics to economics:
• Application of Different and Integral Calculus in theories of consumer behaviour.
• Production and Pricing under different market conditions.
• Input-output analysis and linear Programming.
• Application of Correlation and Regression.
• Testing of Hypothesis in Regression analysis.
• Measures of Central tendency, dispersion Skewness and Kurtosis.
• Elementary theory of probability-Binomaoil, passion and normal distributions.
• Simple correlation and regulation analysis.
• Statistical influences- Application sampling distribution (t, V2 F tests).
• Sampling of attributes, Testing of hypothesis.
• Index Numbers and time series analysis.
• Sampling and census methods, Types of sampling and errors.
12. Econometrics:
• Single Equation Linear Model:
• Assumption an properties of OLS.
• Multiple Regression Model Estimation and Interpretation.
• Multi-co-linearity-Auto-correlation and heteroskedasticity-
• Causes, detection, consequences and remedy.
• Dummy Variable, distributed lags –Need, limitations and interpretation.
• Application in Economics.
• Simultaneous Equation Models:
• Structural and reduced forms.
• Endogenous and exogenous variables.
• Identification problems and condition.
• Single equation methods of estimations –TSLS, indirect least Squares and least variance ratio.
• Techniques of Forecasting:
• ARMA, ARIMA
• Econometric properties of time series, Unit root, integrated series
• Random walk and white noise.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I. Research
1. Meaning
2. Characteristics
3. Types
II. Steps of Research
III. Methods of Research
IV. Research Ethics
V. Publication
1. Paper
2. Article
3. Workshop
4. Seminar
5. Conference
6. Symposium
VI Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
1. ICT: Meaning, Advantages, Disadvantages and uses
2. General abbreviations and Terminology
3. Basics of Internet and E-mailing
VII Data Interpretation
1. Source Acquisition and Interpretation of Data
2. Quantitative and Qualitative Data
3. Graphical Representation and Mapping Data
VIII Thesis Writing
1. Characteristics
2. Format.
PAPER-II
CORE SUBJECT
1. Micro Economics Analysis:
• Demand Analysis – Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed Preference approaches, Theory of Demand –Axiomatic approach, Demand functions, Consumer behaviour under condition of uncertainty.
• Theory of Production and costs.
• Pricing and output under different forms of market structure: Collusive and Non-collusive oligopolies.
• Factor pricing analysis
• Different Models of objectives of the firm – Baumol Morris and Williamson
• Elements of General equilibrium and new welfare economics.
2. Macro-Economic Analyses :
• Determination of output and employment –Classical approach, Keynesian approach and post Keynesian approaches to theory of output and employment. Concept of investment multiplier; consumption hypothesis.
• Theories of investment and accelerator.
• Demand for Money – Fisher and Cambridge version, Approaches of Keynesian, Friedman Patinkin, Baumol and Tobin
• Supply of money Determinants of money supply High Powered Money, Money Multiplier.
• Phillips Curve Analysis.
• Business Cycle –Models of Samuelson, Hicks and Kaldor.
• Macro-Economics Equilibrium - Relative roles of Monetary and fiscal Policies.
3. Development and Planning:
• Economic Growth, Economic Development and sustainable Development – Importance of institutions - Government and markets Perpetuation of underdevelopment - Vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, Structural View of underdeveloped Measurement of development - Conventional HDI and quality of life indices.
• Theories of Development classical, Marx and Schumpeter; Economic Growth Harrod –Domar Model , Instability of equilibrium Neoclassical growth-Solow’s model, Steady state growth. Approaches to development balanced growth, critical minimum effort big push unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth low income equilibrium trap.
• Imperfect market paradigm. Lewis model of development ranis Fei-model, Dependency theory of development.
• Indicators and measurement of poverty
• Importance of Agriculture and industry in economic development –choice of techniques and appropriate technology – Investment criteria - Elementary idea of cost –benefit analysis.
• Trade and Aid-International trade as ‘engine of growth’ –Globalization and LDC’s; two gap analysis prebisch singer and Myrdal views, gains from trade and LDC’s.
• Objectives an role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development.
• Techniques of planning: Plan Models in India: Planning in a market oriented economy.
4. Public Finance:
• Role of the government in economic activity-Allocation, Distribution and stabilization functions; private, public and merit goods.
• The public Budget-kinds of budgets - Zero base budgeting different concept of budget deficits; Budgets of the union government in India.
• Public Expenditure-Hypotheses effects and evaluation.
• Public Revenue –Different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxations; elasticity and buoyancy; taxable capacity; types of Taxes.
• Public Debt Sources, effects, burden and its management.
• Fiscal Federalism - Theory and problem’s Problems of Centre state financial relations in India; the vertical and horizontal imbalances - finance commissions.
• Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reforms - Neutral and compensatory and functional finance; balanced budget multiplier.
5. International Economics:
• Theories of International Trade: Empirical Verification and Relevance.
• International Trade under Imperfect competition.
• Terms of Trade and Economic Growth – Secular.
• Deterioration of Terms of Trade Hypothesis –a critical review.
• Equilibrium/Disequilibrium in balance of Payment –Traditional.
• Absorption and Monetary approaches for adjustment in the balance of payments, Foreign trade Multiplier.
• Impacts of Tariffs, Partial and general equilibrium analysis: political economy of Non- Tariff Barriers.
• Theory of regionalism at Global level-collapse of Bretton-Wood system- Recent Monetary reforms.
• Trade Policy and Reforms in India.
• The Rise and fall of Bretton- Wood and emerging International Monetary system.
• World Trading System –Evolution and Distortions.
• Globalization – Developments in Exchange Markets, Euro-currency Markets and International Bond Markets, International Debt crisis Theory of Foreign Exchange Markets-Exchange Trading, Arbitrage and Market Hedging.
6. Indian Economy:
• Basic Economic indicator –National Income, Performance of Different Sector.
• Trends in prices and money supply.
• Agriculture –Institutional and Technological aspects, New Agricultural policy Industry –New industrial Policy and Liberalization.
• Money and Banking –concepts of money supply, inflation monetary policy and financial sector reforms.
• Public and finance - Trends in revenue and expenditure of the central and state Governments, Public debt; analysis of the Union Budget.
• Foreign trade –Trends Balance of payments and trade reforms poverty, unemployment, Migration and Environment.
7. Monetary Economics:
• ‘Monetary approach’ and adjustment in the balance of payments Regional blocs – multilateralism and world trading system.
• The Political Economy of imposition of non-tariff system.
• International trade under conditions of imperfect competition in goods market.
• Theory of International reserves, Optimum Currency Areas – Theory and impact in the developed and developing countries.
• WTO and its impact on the different sector of the economy Components of money supply. Role, Constituents and functions of money and capital markets.
• RBI –Recent monetary and credit policies.
• Commercial banks and co-operative banks.
• Specialized financial and investment institutions.
• Non- Bank financial institutions and Regional Rural Banks.
8. Industrial and Labour Economics:
• Industrial structure and economic growth.
• Pattern of industrialization–public and Private; large and small industries.
• Theories of industrial location –Indian experience.
• Industrial productivity-measurement, Partial and total Needs.
• Industrial Finance in India.
• Industrial Labour –Problems, policies and reforms in India.
• Economic reforms and industrial growth.
9. Demography:
• Population and Economic Development.
• Interrelation between population development and environment sustainable development.
• Malthusian theory of population, Optimum theory of population theory of demographic transition, population as ‘Limits to growth’ and as Ultimate Source’
• Concept of Demography – Vital roles, Life table’s composition and uses.
Measurement of fertility - Total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate.
• Age pyramids population projection-stable, stationary and quasi stationary Population characteristics of Indian population through recent census.
10. Agricultural Economics:
• Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy –share of Agriculture.
• Interrelationship between agriculture and industry.
• Institutional aspects – Land reforms, Green revolution.
• Technological Aspects - Agricultural inputs and shifts in production Function.
• Capital formation in the rural sector – Savings, assets and credits.
• Strategies for rural development.
• Regional Disparities in Indian Agriculture.
• Growth and Productivity trends in Indian Agriculture.
• Development of distributive institutions - Costs and price policies.
• Agriculture marketing and credit.
11. Application of Mathematics and statistics to economics:
• Application of Different and Integral Calculus in theories of consumer behaviour.
• Production and Pricing under different market conditions.
• Input-output analysis and linear Programming.
• Application of Correlation and Regression.
• Testing of Hypothesis in Regression analysis.
• Measures of Central tendency, dispersion Skewness and Kurtosis.
• Elementary theory of probability-Binomaoil, passion and normal distributions.
• Simple correlation and regulation analysis.
• Statistical influences- Application sampling distribution (t, V2 F tests).
• Sampling of attributes, Testing of hypothesis.
• Index Numbers and time series analysis.
• Sampling and census methods, Types of sampling and errors.
12. Econometrics:
• Single Equation Linear Model:
• Assumption an properties of OLS.
• Multiple Regression Model Estimation and Interpretation.
• Multi-co-linearity-Auto-correlation and heteroskedasticity-
• Causes, detection, consequences and remedy.
• Dummy Variable, distributed lags –Need, limitations and interpretation.
• Application in Economics.
• Simultaneous Equation Models:
• Structural and reduced forms.
• Endogenous and exogenous variables.
• Identification problems and condition.
• Single equation methods of estimations –TSLS, indirect least Squares and least variance ratio.
• Techniques of Forecasting:
• ARMA, ARIMA
• Econometric properties of time series, Unit root, integrated series
• Random walk and white noise.
2021
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