UNIT-I: Flower Production Technology
Cut flower- Rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, gerbera, gladiolus, tuberose, orchid, anthurium,
aster, lilium, bird of paradise, heliconia, alstroemeria and dahlia.
Loose flower-Jasmine, scented rose, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, hibiscus,
celosia, gaillardia and non-traditional flowers (Nyctanthes, Tabernaemontana, ixora, lotus,
tecoma). Importance, scope and global scenarioof cut and loose flowers. varietal wealth and
diversity, area under cut flower and production problem in India. Growing environment, open
cultivation, soil, climate requirement, artificial growing media, soil decontamination techniques
in cut flowers.Propagation techniques and nursery management, planting methods, improved
varieties of cut and loose flowers, planting time and planting methods, precision farming
techniques, Water and nutrient management, weed management, training and pruning, pinching,
disbudding, special horticultural practices, use of growth regulators, physiological disorders and
remedies, IPM and IDM, flower forcing and year round flowering through physiological
interventions, chemical regulation, production of cut flowers for exhibition purposes, cut flower
standards and grades, harvest indices, harvesting technique, post-harvest handling, pre-cooling,
pulsing, packing, storage, transportation, quality standards, marketing, export potential, value
addition, concrete and essential oil extraction in loose flower crops.
UNIT-II: Breeding of Flower Crops and Ornamental Plants
Evolution of varieties, origin, distribution, genetic resources, genetic divergence, floral biology,
genetic inheritance of flower colour, doubleness, flower size, fragrance, post-harvest life,
breeding methods suitable for sexually and asexually propagated flower crops and ornamental
plants--introduction, selection, domestication, polyploidy and mutation breeding for varietal
development. Role of heterosis, Production of hybrids, Male sterility, incompatibility problems,
seed production of flower crops. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial
flowers-rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, carnation, dahlia,
gerbera, gladiolus, orchid, anthurium, aster, lilium. and in ornamental plants –hibiscus,
bougainvillea, flowering annuals (zinnia, cosmos, dianthus, snapdragon, petunia, pansy) and
ornamental foliages.
UNIT-III: Landscaping and Ornamental Gardening
Landscape designs, types of gardens- English, Mughal, Japanese, Persian, Spanish, Italian
garden; Styles of garden- formal, informal and free style gardens.Urban landscaping,
landscaping for specific situations viz., institutions, industries, residents, hospitals, roadsides,
traffic islands, dam-sites, vertical garden and bio-wall.Garden plant components, arboreum,
shrubbery, fernery, palmatum, arches and pergolas, edges and hedges climbers and creepers,
cacti and succulents, annuals, flower borders and beds, ground covers, carpet beds. Propagation
techniques for selected ornamental plants: tree, shrub, climber, fern,rose, chrysanthemum,
jasmine, cacti & succulent, indoor & foliage plants. Preparation& maintenance of bonsai & lawn
in landscape and ornamental gardening.Exposure to CAD (Computer Aided Designing) –
Applications of CAD in landscape garden designing, 2D&3Ddrawing by AUTOCAD,
ARCHICAD and 3D MAX software.
UNIT-IV: Turfing and Turf Management
Prospects of landscape industry and turfs.Site selection, basic requirements, concepts of
physical, chemical and biological properties of soil pertaining to turf grass establishment.Turf
grasses - Types, species, varieties, hybrids; Selection of grasses for different locations.Grouping
according to climatic requirement-Adaptation; Turfing for roof gardens.Preparatory operations;
Growing media used for turf grasses - Turf establishment methods, seeding, sprigging/dibbling,
plugging, sodding/turfing, turf plastering, hydro-seeding, astro-turfing.Turf management–
Irrigation, nutrition, special practices, aerating, rolling, soil top dressing, use of turf growth
regulators (TGRs) and micro-nutrients.Turf mowing—mowing equipments, techniques to
minimize wear and compaction, weed control, biotic and abiotic stress management in turfs.
Establishment and maintenance of turfs for playgrounds, viz. golf, football, hockey, cricket,
tennis etc.
UNIT-V: Value Addition of Flowers
Prospects of value addition, national and global scenario, production and exports, women
empowerment through value added products making, supply chain management.Types of value
added products, garlands, veni, floats, floral decorations, flower arrangement, styles, Ikebana,
moribana, free style, bouquets, button-holes, flower baskets, corsages, floralwreths,
garlands.Miniature garden, terrarium.Selection of containers and accessories for floral products
and decorations.Dry flowers- Identification and selection of flowers and plants parts.Raw material procurement, preservation and storage.Techniques in dry flowers making – Drying,
bleaching, dyeing, embedding, pressing accessories.Designing and arrangement – Dry flower
baskets, bouquets, pot-pourri, wall hangings, button holes greeting cards, wreaths; Packing and
storage.
Types of pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, betalains.Significance of natural
pigments, Extraction methods; Applications and productions.
UNIT-VI: Protected Floriculture
Prospects of protected floriculture in India; Types of protected structures – Greenhouses,
polyhouses, shade-net, rain shelters etc., Designing and erection of protected structures.Low
cost/Medium cost/High cost structures; Location specific designs; Structural
components.Suitable flower crops for protected cultivation viz, gerbera, orchid,
chrysanthemum, rose, gypsophilla, lilium, anthurium. Environment control–management and
manipulation of temperature, light, humidity, air and CO2.Heating and cooling systems,
ventilation, light regulation.Containers and substrates, soil decontamination, drip and fertigation
system, water and nutrient management, weed management, IPM and IDM.Crop regulation by
chemical methods (fertilizers, growth regulators etc) and special horticultural practices
(pinching, disbudding, de-shooting, de-blossoming); staking and netting.Photoperiod
regulation.
Cut flower- Rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, gerbera, gladiolus, tuberose, orchid, anthurium,
aster, lilium, bird of paradise, heliconia, alstroemeria and dahlia.
Loose flower-Jasmine, scented rose, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, hibiscus,
celosia, gaillardia and non-traditional flowers (Nyctanthes, Tabernaemontana, ixora, lotus,
tecoma). Importance, scope and global scenarioof cut and loose flowers. varietal wealth and
diversity, area under cut flower and production problem in India. Growing environment, open
cultivation, soil, climate requirement, artificial growing media, soil decontamination techniques
in cut flowers.Propagation techniques and nursery management, planting methods, improved
varieties of cut and loose flowers, planting time and planting methods, precision farming
techniques, Water and nutrient management, weed management, training and pruning, pinching,
disbudding, special horticultural practices, use of growth regulators, physiological disorders and
remedies, IPM and IDM, flower forcing and year round flowering through physiological
interventions, chemical regulation, production of cut flowers for exhibition purposes, cut flower
standards and grades, harvest indices, harvesting technique, post-harvest handling, pre-cooling,
pulsing, packing, storage, transportation, quality standards, marketing, export potential, value
addition, concrete and essential oil extraction in loose flower crops.
UNIT-II: Breeding of Flower Crops and Ornamental Plants
Evolution of varieties, origin, distribution, genetic resources, genetic divergence, floral biology,
genetic inheritance of flower colour, doubleness, flower size, fragrance, post-harvest life,
breeding methods suitable for sexually and asexually propagated flower crops and ornamental
plants--introduction, selection, domestication, polyploidy and mutation breeding for varietal
development. Role of heterosis, Production of hybrids, Male sterility, incompatibility problems,
seed production of flower crops. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial
flowers-rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, carnation, dahlia,
gerbera, gladiolus, orchid, anthurium, aster, lilium. and in ornamental plants –hibiscus,
bougainvillea, flowering annuals (zinnia, cosmos, dianthus, snapdragon, petunia, pansy) and
ornamental foliages.
UNIT-III: Landscaping and Ornamental Gardening
Landscape designs, types of gardens- English, Mughal, Japanese, Persian, Spanish, Italian
garden; Styles of garden- formal, informal and free style gardens.Urban landscaping,
landscaping for specific situations viz., institutions, industries, residents, hospitals, roadsides,
traffic islands, dam-sites, vertical garden and bio-wall.Garden plant components, arboreum,
shrubbery, fernery, palmatum, arches and pergolas, edges and hedges climbers and creepers,
cacti and succulents, annuals, flower borders and beds, ground covers, carpet beds. Propagation
techniques for selected ornamental plants: tree, shrub, climber, fern,rose, chrysanthemum,
jasmine, cacti & succulent, indoor & foliage plants. Preparation& maintenance of bonsai & lawn
in landscape and ornamental gardening.Exposure to CAD (Computer Aided Designing) –
Applications of CAD in landscape garden designing, 2D&3Ddrawing by AUTOCAD,
ARCHICAD and 3D MAX software.
UNIT-IV: Turfing and Turf Management
Prospects of landscape industry and turfs.Site selection, basic requirements, concepts of
physical, chemical and biological properties of soil pertaining to turf grass establishment.Turf
grasses - Types, species, varieties, hybrids; Selection of grasses for different locations.Grouping
according to climatic requirement-Adaptation; Turfing for roof gardens.Preparatory operations;
Growing media used for turf grasses - Turf establishment methods, seeding, sprigging/dibbling,
plugging, sodding/turfing, turf plastering, hydro-seeding, astro-turfing.Turf management–
Irrigation, nutrition, special practices, aerating, rolling, soil top dressing, use of turf growth
regulators (TGRs) and micro-nutrients.Turf mowing—mowing equipments, techniques to
minimize wear and compaction, weed control, biotic and abiotic stress management in turfs.
Establishment and maintenance of turfs for playgrounds, viz. golf, football, hockey, cricket,
tennis etc.
UNIT-V: Value Addition of Flowers
Prospects of value addition, national and global scenario, production and exports, women
empowerment through value added products making, supply chain management.Types of value
added products, garlands, veni, floats, floral decorations, flower arrangement, styles, Ikebana,
moribana, free style, bouquets, button-holes, flower baskets, corsages, floralwreths,
garlands.Miniature garden, terrarium.Selection of containers and accessories for floral products
and decorations.Dry flowers- Identification and selection of flowers and plants parts.Raw material procurement, preservation and storage.Techniques in dry flowers making – Drying,
bleaching, dyeing, embedding, pressing accessories.Designing and arrangement – Dry flower
baskets, bouquets, pot-pourri, wall hangings, button holes greeting cards, wreaths; Packing and
storage.
Types of pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, betalains.Significance of natural
pigments, Extraction methods; Applications and productions.
UNIT-VI: Protected Floriculture
Prospects of protected floriculture in India; Types of protected structures – Greenhouses,
polyhouses, shade-net, rain shelters etc., Designing and erection of protected structures.Low
cost/Medium cost/High cost structures; Location specific designs; Structural
components.Suitable flower crops for protected cultivation viz, gerbera, orchid,
chrysanthemum, rose, gypsophilla, lilium, anthurium. Environment control–management and
manipulation of temperature, light, humidity, air and CO2.Heating and cooling systems,
ventilation, light regulation.Containers and substrates, soil decontamination, drip and fertigation
system, water and nutrient management, weed management, IPM and IDM.Crop regulation by
chemical methods (fertilizers, growth regulators etc) and special horticultural practices
(pinching, disbudding, de-shooting, de-blossoming); staking and netting.Photoperiod
regulation.
2022
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